<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-us">
  <head>

    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>关于缓存 | Elasticsearch: 权威指南 | Elastic</title>
<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Elasticsearch: 权威指南">
<link rel="up" href="structured-search.html" title="结构化搜索">
<link rel="prev" href="_dealing_with_null_values.html" title="处理 Null 值">
<link rel="next" href="full-text-search.html" title="全文搜索">
<meta name="DC.type" content="Learn/Docs/Elasticsearch/Definitive Guide">
<meta name="DC.subject" content="Elasticsearch">
<meta name="DC.identifier" content="2.x">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <script src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/18132920325.js"></script>
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-icon-57x57.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/apple-icon-60x60.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/apple-icon-72x72.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-icon-76x76.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/apple-icon-114x114.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/apple-icon-120x120.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/apple-icon-144x144.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/apple-icon-152x152.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-icon-180x180.png">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16">
    <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Elastic">
    <meta name="application-name" content="Elastic">
    <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff">
    <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/mstile-144x144.png">
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
    <meta name="naver-site-verification" content="936882c1853b701b3cef3721758d80535413dbfd">
    <meta name="yandex-verification" content="d8a47e95d0972434">
    <meta name="localized" content="true">
    <meta name="st:robots" content="follow,index">
    <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.elastic.co/static/images/elastic-logo-200.png">
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
    <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="64x64" href="/favicon_64x64_16bit.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon_32x32.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon_16x16.png">
    <!-- Give IE8 a fighting chance -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/guide/static/styles.css">
  </head>

  <!--© 2015-2021 Elasticsearch B.V. Copying, publishing and/or distributing without written permission is strictly prohibited.-->

  <body>
    <!-- Google Tag Manager -->
    <script>dataLayer = [];</script><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-58RLH5" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
    <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-58RLH5');</script>
    <!-- End Google Tag Manager -->

    <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
    <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-12395217-16"></script>
    <script>
      window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
      function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
      gtag('js', new Date());
      gtag('config', 'UA-12395217-16');
    </script>

    <!--BEGIN QUALTRICS WEBSITE FEEDBACK SNIPPET-->
    <script type="text/javascript">
      (function(){var g=function(e,h,f,g){
      this.get=function(a){for(var a=a+"=",c=document.cookie.split(";"),b=0,e=c.length;b<e;b++){for(var d=c[b];" "==d.charAt(0);)d=d.substring(1,d.length);if(0==d.indexOf(a))return d.substring(a.length,d.length)}return null};
      this.set=function(a,c){var b="",b=new Date;b.setTime(b.getTime()+6048E5);b="; expires="+b.toGMTString();document.cookie=a+"="+c+b+"; path=/; "};
      this.check=function(){var a=this.get(f);if(a)a=a.split(":");else if(100!=e)"v"==h&&(e=Math.random()>=e/100?0:100),a=[h,e,0],this.set(f,a.join(":"));else return!0;var c=a[1];if(100==c)return!0;switch(a[0]){case "v":return!1;case "r":return c=a[2]%Math.floor(100/c),a[2]++,this.set(f,a.join(":")),!c}return!0};
      this.go=function(){if(this.check()){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.src=g;document.body&&document.body.appendChild(a)}};
      this.start=function(){var a=this;window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("load",function(){a.go()},!1):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent("onload",function(){a.go()})}};
      try{(new g(100,"r","QSI_S_ZN_emkP0oSe9Qrn7kF","https://znemkp0ose9qrn7kf-elastic.siteintercept.qualtrics.com/WRSiteInterceptEngine/?Q_ZID=ZN_emkP0oSe9Qrn7kF")).start()}catch(i){}})();
    </script><div id="ZN_emkP0oSe9Qrn7kF"><!--DO NOT REMOVE-CONTENTS PLACED HERE--></div>
    <!--END WEBSITE FEEDBACK SNIPPET-->

    <div id="elastic-nav" style="display:none;"></div>
    <script src="https://www.elastic.co/elastic-nav.js"></script>

    <!-- Subnav -->
    <div>
      <div>
        <div class="tertiary-nav d-none d-md-block">
          <div class="container">
            <div class="p-t-b-15 d-flex justify-content-between nav-container">
              <div class="breadcrum-wrapper"><span><a href="/guide/" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: #000;">Docs</a></span></div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="main-container">
      <section id="content">
        <div class="content-wrapper">

          <section id="guide" lang="zh_cn">
            <div class="container">
              <div class="row">
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-8 guide-section">
                  <!-- start body -->
                  <div class="page_header">
<b>请注意:</b><br>本书基于 Elasticsearch 2.x 版本，有些内容可能已经过时。
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="breadcrumbs">
<span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="index.html">Elasticsearch: 权威指南</a></span>
»
<span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="search-in-depth.html">深入搜索</a></span>
»
<span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="structured-search.html">结构化搜索</a></span>
»
<span class="breadcrumb-node">关于缓存</span>
</div>
<div class="navheader">
<span class="prev">
<a href="_dealing_with_null_values.html">« 处理 Null 值</a>
</span>
<span class="next">
<a href="full-text-search.html">全文搜索 »</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h2 class="title">
<a id="filter-caching"></a>关于缓存<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/080_Structured_Search/40_bitsets.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h2>
</div></div></div>
<p>在本章前面（<a class="xref" href="_finding_exact_values.html#_internal_filter_operation" title="内部过滤器的操作">过滤器的内部操作</a>）中，我们已经简单介绍了过滤器是如何计算的。其核心实际是采用一个 bitset 记录与过滤器匹配的文档。Elasticsearch 积极地把这些 bitset 缓存起来以备随后使用。一旦缓存成功，bitset 可以复用 <em>任何</em> 已使用过的相同过滤器，而无需再次计算整个过滤器。</p>
<p>这些 bitsets 缓存是“智能”的：它们以增量方式更新。当我们索引新文档时，只需将那些新文档加入已有 bitset，而不是对整个缓存一遍又一遍的重复计算。和系统其他部分一样，过滤器是实时的，我们无需担心缓存过期问题。</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h3 class="title">
<a id="_独立的过滤器缓存"></a>独立的过滤器缓存<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/080_Structured_Search/40_bitsets.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h3>
</div></div></div>
<p>属于一个查询组件的 bitsets 是独立于它所属搜索请求其他部分的。这就意味着，一旦被缓存，一个查询可以被用作多个搜索请求。bitsets 并不依赖于它所存在的查询上下文。这样使得缓存可以加速查询中经常使用的部分，从而降低较少、易变的部分所带来的消耗。</p>
<p>同样，如果单个请求重用相同的非评分查询，它缓存的 bitset 可以被单个搜索里的所有实例所重用。</p>
<p>让我们看看下面例子中的查询，它查找满足以下任意一个条件的电子邮件：</p>
<div class="ulist itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
在收件箱中，且没有被读过的
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<em>不在</em> 收件箱中，但被标注重要的
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-js">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-js">GET /inbox/emails/_search
{
  "query": {
      "constant_score": {
          "filter": {
              "bool": {
                 "should": [
                    { "bool": {
                          "must": [
                             { "term": { "folder": "inbox" }}, <a id="CO55-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
                             { "term": { "read": false }}
                          ]
                    }},
                    { "bool": {
                          "must_not": {
                             "term": { "folder": "inbox" } <a id="CO55-2"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
                          },
                          "must": {
                             "term": { "important": true }
                          }
                    }}
                 ]
              }
            }
        }
    }
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO55-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a><a href="#CO55-2"></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>两个过滤器是相同的，所以会使用同一 bitset 。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>尽管其中一个收件箱的条件是 <code class="literal">must</code> 语句，另一个是 <code class="literal">must_not</code> 语句，但他们两者是完全相同的。这意味着在第一个语句执行后， bitset 就会被计算然后缓存起来供另一个使用。当再次执行这个查询时，收件箱的这个过滤器已经被缓存了，所以两个语句都会使用已缓存的 bitset 。</p>
<p>这点与查询表达式（query DSL）的可组合性结合得很好。它易被移动到表达式的任何地方，或者在同一查询中的多个位置复用。这不仅能方便开发者，而且对提升性能有直接的益处。</p>
</div>

<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h3 class="title">
<a id="_自动缓存行为"></a>自动缓存行为<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elasticsearch-cn/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/cn/080_Structured_Search/40_bitsets.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h3>
</div></div></div>
<p>在 Elasticsearch 的较早版本中，默认的行为是缓存一切可以缓存的对象。这也通常意味着系统缓存 bitsets 太富侵略性，从而因为清理缓存带来性能压力。不仅如此，尽管很多过滤器都很容易被评价，但本质上是慢于缓存的（以及从缓存中复用）。缓存这些过滤器的意义不大，因为可以简单地再次执行过滤器。</p>
<p>检查一个倒排是非常快的，然后绝大多数查询组件却很少使用它。例如 <code class="literal">term</code> 过滤字段 <code class="literal">"user_id"</code> ：如果有上百万的用户，每个具体的用户 ID 出现的概率都很小。那么为这个过滤器缓存 bitsets 就不是很合算，因为缓存的结果很可能在重用之前就被剔除了。</p>
<p>这种缓存的扰动对性能有着严重的影响。更严重的是，它让开发者难以区分有良好表现的缓存以及无用缓存。</p>
<p>为了解决问题，Elasticsearch 会基于使用频次自动缓存查询。如果一个非评分查询在最近的 256 次查询中被使用过（次数取决于查询类型），那么这个查询就会作为缓存的候选。但是，并不是所有的片段都能保证缓存 bitset 。只有那些文档数量超过 10,000 （或超过总文档数量的 3% )才会缓存 bitset 。因为小的片段可以很快的进行搜索和合并，这里缓存的意义不大。</p>
<p>一旦缓存了，非评分计算的 bitset 会一直驻留在缓存中直到它被剔除。剔除规则是基于 LRU 的：一旦缓存满了，最近最少使用的过滤器会被剔除。</p>
</div>

</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<span class="prev">
<a href="_dealing_with_null_values.html">« 处理 Null 值</a>
</span>
<span class="next">
<a href="full-text-search.html">全文搜索 »</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>

                  <!-- end body -->
                </div>
                <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4" id="right_col">
                  <div id="rtpcontainer" style="display: block;">
                    <div class="mktg-promo">
                      <h3>Most Popular</h3>
                      <ul class="icons">
                        <li class="icon-elasticsearch-white"><a href="https://www.elastic.co/webinars/getting-started-elasticsearch?baymax=default&amp;elektra=docs&amp;storm=top-video">Get Started with Elasticsearch: Video</a></li>
                        <li class="icon-kibana-white"><a href="https://www.elastic.co/webinars/getting-started-kibana?baymax=default&amp;elektra=docs&amp;storm=top-video">Intro to Kibana: Video</a></li>
                        <li class="icon-logstash-white"><a href="https://www.elastic.co/webinars/introduction-elk-stack?baymax=default&amp;elektra=docs&amp;storm=top-video">ELK for Logs &amp; Metrics: Video</a></li>
                      </ul>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </section>

        </div>


<div id="elastic-footer"></div>
<script src="https://www.elastic.co/elastic-footer.js"></script>
<!-- Footer Section end-->

      </section>
    </div>

<script src="/guide/static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/guide/static/docs.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  window.initial_state = {}</script>
  </body>
</html>
